Document Type : Original research
10.12816/ejpb.2019.256681
Abstract
The main objective of most breeding programs is obtaining stable and high yielding barley genotypes under targeted conditions. Two field experiments were carried out on two sowing dates, 12 November (D1) and 12 December (D2),each one included two irrigation treatments under 100% (I1) and 60% (I2) field capacity at Ras Sudr Research Station of the Desert Research Center during two seasons (2015/16 and 2016/17). The aim of this study as the determination of variation and performance criteria for eighteen genotypes under eight environments (two sowing dates × two irrigation treatments × two seasons). The obtained results can be summarized as follows: Analysis of Variance showed a wide range of differences between treatments and genotypes. The interaction between the environment and the genotypes was highly significant due to the greatest environmental effects (time of sowing). The meta-analysis showed the significance of the environments and genotypes as well as the interaction between them. The mean performance among genotypes under study differed significantly in most of the traits under study (heading date, plant height (cm), main spike length (cm), number of spikes/plant, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike, Main spike grains weight (g), 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield/m2 (g), straw yield/m2 (g) under different environments. The results indicated that first planting date and 100% field capacity (D1I1) recorded the highest values comparing with the second planting date and 60% field capacity (D2I2) during the two seasons for most of the traits under study. The three genotypes (G2), (G11) and (G14) recorded the highest yield of grain yield with one/or more of its components, which can be used to improve barley production according to their performance across the different environments under study. Meanwhile, the index of tolerance across the two stress treatments showed that the five genotypes G1, G6, G7, G8 and G15 under D1 and the two genotypes G9 and G12 under D2 had the least drought susceptibility index for grain yield /m2. Based on the estimates of stability criteria (bi and S2di) and the coefficient of variation (CV%) of the yield and its components for different genotypes under study, they were homogeneous in determining the most stable genotypes across the studied environments. Both the G2 and G14 genotypes can be considered the best genotypes for heading date 50%, the G8 genotype for the plant height, the G3 and G4 genotypes for main spike height, and the four genotypes (G7, G8, G11 and G15) for the number of spikes/plant and G2 and G5 genotypes for the number of spikelets/spike. Three genotypes (G2, G5 and G14) for number of grains/spike, three genotypes (G2, G6 and G11) for the main spike grains weight, three genotypes (G9, G11 and G14) for the 1000- grain weight, four genotypes (G2, G5, G11 and G14) for grain yield/m2 and G8 and G12 for straw yield/m2. These genotypes are the least diverse in all environments under study. Based on the results of this study, it may be recommended to use early genotype G2 and the two high yielding genotypes G11 and G14 as stable genotypes for yield and its components. Therefore, these genotypes could be used for cultivating directly under undesirable environments (delayed sowing date and drought stress) as promising lines or serve as a parent in barley breeding programs under targeted environment
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