INHERITANCE NATURE OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN TWO BREAD WHEAT CROSSES UNDER OLD AND NEW LAND IN UPPER EGYPT CONDITIONS

doi:10.12816/ejpb.2024.388861

INHERITANCE NATURE OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN TWO BREAD WHEAT CROSSES UNDER OLD AND NEW LAND IN UPPER EGYPT CONDITIONS

Document Type : Original research

10.12816/ejpb.2024.388861

Abstract

The ultimate goal for wheat breeders is to develop high yield resilient varieties to mitigate the catastrophic impacts of climate change. To achieve this goal, the inheritance of yield and its components should be fully unraveled. The current study was undergone at two locations in Qena governorate - Egypt, representing new and old lands. Two bread wheat crosses were used during three growing winter seasons from 2019/20 to 2021/22. Data on No. of spikes/plant (S/P), No. of kernels / spike (K/S), 100-kernels weight (100-KW), and grain yield/plant (GY) were recorded. Analysis of variance showed sufficient variability between the populations of the two crosses for all studied traits. The results showed that F₁ override the better parent in both crosses under both locations for all studied traits. Potence ratio pointed out the presence of over dominance for all studied traits in all cases. Scaling test showed the inadequacy of three parameters model for all the studied traits in both crosses under both locations. Six parameters model was implemented to explain the nonallelic interaction; additive effects (d) mostly was significant or highly significant with positive sign for all studied traits, while dominance effects (h) was significant with positive sign in most of the cases. The additive × additive effects (i) was significant with negative sign in all cases, except in cross 1 under old land conditions, where It was nonsignificant. The additive × dominance effects (j) in most cases were not significant, while dominance × dominance effects (l) was significant with positive sign in most cases. Duplicate epistasis was found in cross 1 under both conditions for S/P; it was found in cross 2 under both conditions and in cross 1 under new land for K/S. The complementary epistasis only was found in cross 1 under both conditions for 100-KW. The values of heterosis over better parent were high with positive sign in most of the cases, meaning that it tends toward the high parent. Broad sense and narrow sense heritability and genetic advance in general ranged from moderate to high, except few cases where they were low. Inbreeding depression was (0.47 to 30.70%), (2.98 to 22.31%), (4.11 to 30.70%), and (4.85 to 19.15%) for S/P, K/S, 100KW, and GY, respectively. The current study indicated that unraveling the genetic architecture of the yield and its components enables us to determine the selection strategy under new and old land conditions.

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